Table 4

Individual compositional and community contextual factors associated with early sexual debut among ever or currently marriage Nigeria women identified by multivariable multilevel logistic regressions


Empty model
Individual variables
Individual and community variables



Model 1
Model 2
Model 3



OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)

Fixed effects



Individual characteristics



Age (completed years)



     15 – 24

1
1
     25 – 34

1.02 (0.87, 1.21)
1.05 (0.89, 1.24)
     35+

1.19 (1.02, 1.41)*
1.24 (1.05, 1.47)**
Education



     No education

1
1
     Primary

0.69 (0.59, 0.80)***
0.74 (0.62, 0.88)***
     Secondary or higher

0.26 (0.22, 0.70)***
0.30 (0.25, 0.36)***
Ethnicity



     Hausa/Fulani

1
1
     Igbo

0.35 (0.23, 0.52)***
0.53 (0.34, 0.80)**
     Yoruba

0.22 (0.14, 0.33)***
0.32 (0.21, 0.48)***
     Others

0.56 (0.45, 0.70)***
0.63 (0.51, 0.78)***
Religion



     Islam

1
1
     Christian

0.77 (0.61, 0.96)*
0.81 (0.64, 1.02)
     Others

1.02 (0.65, 1.59)
0.92 (0.60, 1.45)
Community characteristics



Type of residence



     Urban


1.10 (0.95, 1.25)
     Rural


1
Community ethnic diversity


0.98 (0.95, 1.01)
Community median age of marriage


0.77 (0.77, 0.81)***
Community median spousal age gap


1.01 (0.98, 1.05)
Geopolitical region



     North-central


0.44 (0.31, 0.64)***
     North-east


0.40 (0.24, 0.66)***
     North-west


0.48 (0.30, 0.77)**
     South-east


0.43 (0.24, 0.75)**
     South-south


1
     South-west


0.57 (0.34, 0.96)*
Constant



Random effects



State-level



     Variance (SE)
1.058 (0.289)***
0.220 (0.084)**
0.057 (0.03)
     VPC (%)
22.8
6.1
1.7
     Explained variation (%)
Reference
79.2
94.6
Community-level



     Variance (SE)
0.280 (0.057)***
0.104 (0.039)**
0.021 (0.017)
     VPC (%)
6.0
2.9
0.6
     Explained variation (%)
Reference
62.8
92.5
Model fit statistics



     DIC
6543
6255
6219
     Sample size



          State-level
36
36
36
          Community-level
177
177
177
          Individual-level
5531
5508
5508

Abbreviations: OR – Odds ratio, CI – Confidence interval, VPC – Variance Partition Coefficient, SE – Standard error, DIC – Deviance information criterion

†Number of ethnic group in a community, represents the likelihood that two persons, chosen at random from the same area, belong to different ethnic group

*p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001

Data source: 2003 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey

Uthman International Journal of Health Geographics 2008 7:27   doi:10.1186/1476-072X-7-27