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Variables chosen for analysis, their contextual relevance, and sources |
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| Characteristic of Sample Women |
Data Source |
| Enabling/Disabling |
Developed from linked SEER cancer registry and 5% Medicare data, provided by the National Cancer Institute [46]. |
| Individual disability as original reason for Medicare entitlement |
|
| Moved to a new residence in 2002–2003 |
|
| Months with extra assistance from state Medicaid, 2002–2003 |
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| Distance to closest mammography facility |
|
| Predisposing |
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| Age in 2002 |
Developed from linked SEER cancer registry and 5% Medicare data, provided by the National Cancer Institute [46] |
| Months enrolled in a Medicare HMO anytime in 2000–2001: prior period |
|
| Race or ethnicity (white, African American, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, other) |
|
| Need |
|
| Had previous cancer diagnosis, breast or other cancers |
|
| Obtained flu shot from doctor in 2002–2003 |
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|
|
|
| Interpersonal Factors (PCSA) |
Data Source |
| Social Integration and Support: Isolation index describing segregation by race or ethnicity (white, African American, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, other) |
Developed from U.S. Census 2000 micro data at tract and ZCTA levels. |
| Stressor, Driver Courtesy: Commuter intensity reflecting the proportion of the workforce in each woman's residential area commuting 60 minutes or more each way to work |
|
| Social or Cultural Cohesion: Proportion of the population in each woman's residential area immigrating into the United States between 1995–2000 |
Developed from U.S. Census 2000 micro data at tract and ZCTA levels. |
| Social or Cultural Cohesion: Proportion of the elderly in each woman's residential area with little or no English language ability |
|
| Stressor, Living Conditions: Proportion of female elderly in each woman's residential area living alone |
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| Stressor, Living Conditions: Proportion of elderly in each woman's residential area living below the federal poverty level |
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| Health Care System: Number of mammography facilities per thousand elderly women in each woman's residential area, 2002–2003 |
Derived from SEER-Medicare linked database claims files [46] and U.S. Census. |
| Health Care System: Number of oncologists (or nurses) per thousand elderly, 2001 (2000) |
Area Resource File |
| Health Care System: Ratio of counts of International Medical Graduates (IMGs) to U.S.-born physicians (generalists and specialists), 2000–2001 |
HRSA geospatial data warehouse |
| Health Care System: County designated as a primary care provider shortage area in whole or part of county, 2002 |
Data available from HRSA |
| Health Care System: Medicare managed care penetration, defined as proportion of the eligible population enrolled in Medicare HMOs, 2003 |
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Geographic Service Area Files |
| Social Context: Number of violent crimes known to police per thousand population |
U.S. Department of Justice and FBI, National Archive of Criminal Justice Data |
| Physical Environment: Entropy index of land use mix: LANDMIX = - Σi = 1n Pi (ln Pi/ln n) Where n (5) is the number of different land use type classes in the county and Pi is the proportion of land in type i in the county |
Calculated by RTI using the 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD) |
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Notes: HMO = health maintenance organization; SEER = Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results; ZCTA = ZIP Code Tabulation Area; HRSA = Health Resources and Services Administration; ARF = Area Resource File; PCSA = Primary Care Service Area | |
Mobley et al. International Journal of Health Geographics 2008 7:32 doi:10.1186/1476-072X-7-32 |
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